VRA ® GeoMonitor Monthly Update Subscriber John Doe  Subscription January 1, 2002-December 31, 2002 Update for December 2002 Country(ies) Monitored Pakistan

PAKISTAN - International Conflict: Three Month Trend

Score: Interstate conflict has decreased over the past month. Explanation of Chart: Interstate conflict scores (Y axis) represent the sum of weights of all interstate conflictive events. The higher the score, the greater the interstate conflict. Each event is assigned a weight (Goldstein, 1992), ranging from -10 (extreme conflict) to 8.3 (extreme cooperation). Zero value events are excluded from these calculations. The three month trend is represented by up and down arrows. Downward arrows represent decreases over the previous months whereas upward arrows represent increases. The color of the arrow conveys the desirability of the change. Red represents negative trends; green signifies positive trends and white represents ambiguous trends. Source: Goldstein, Joshua S. (1992) "A Conflict-Cooperation Scale for WEIS Events Data," Journal of Conflict Resolution, 36/2 (June 1992): 369-385.

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