| IDEA Category |
| IDEA Name and Description |
WEIS Name |
Notes |
| A&E Performance |
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| Accident |
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| Accuse |
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Accuse cue category
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| Criticize or denounce |
| Blame, find fault, censure, rebuke, "whistle blowing," vilify, defame, denigrate, condemn and name-calling. |
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Charge; criticize; blame; disapprove
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IDEA codes together criticize (121) and denounce (122) event forms as they are indistinguishable in practice. |
| Agree |
| Agree |
| All agreements not otherwise specified. |
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Agree cue category
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| Agree or accept |
| Accept invitations and proposals, not otherwise specified. |
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Agree to future action or procedure; agree to meet, to negotiate
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| Agree to mediation |
| Agree to or express willingess to accept mediation of a conflict. The target of this event form is the mediator. |
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| Agree to negotiate |
| Agree to or express willingness to engage in talks or negotiations. |
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| Agree to peacekeeping |
| Agree to or express willingness to accept peacekeeping forces in one's territory. Includes agreeing to weapons inspections. |
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| Agree to settlement |
| Agree to or express willingness to accept a comprehensive peace proposal, settlement or resolution. |
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Make substantive agreement
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| Collaborate |
| Form alliance, or associate with, merge, join, accompany, and coordinate activities; includes extraditions. |
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| Animal attack |
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| Animal death |
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| Animal illness |
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| Cognitive state |
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| Comment |
| Acknowledge responsibility |
| Non-apologetically admit an error or wrongdoing, retract a statement without expression of remorse, or claim responsibility. |
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Admit wrongdoing, retract statement
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| Comment |
| Event narrations and all comments not otherwise specified. |
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Comment
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IDEA combines "neutral" comments (022) and comments (02) as they are indistinguishable in practice. |
| Decline comment |
| Explicit decline or refusal to comment on a situation. |
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Explicit decline to comment
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| Optimistic comment |
| Comment on situation that is explicitly characterized as optimistic. |
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Comment on situation--optimistic
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| Pessimistic comment |
| Comment on situation that is explicitly characterized as pessimistic. |
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Comment on situation--pessimistic
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| Complain |
| Complain |
| All disapprovals, objections and complaints not otherwise
specified. |
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Protest cue category
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| Formally complain |
| Written and institutionalized protests and appeals, and all petition drives and recalls. |
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Make formal complaint or protest
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| Informally complain |
| Verbal protests and rebukes, and all other informal complaints. |
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Make complaint (not formal)
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| Consult |
| Consult |
| All consultations not otherwise specified. |
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Consult cue category
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| Discussion |
| Meetings (at any location), consultations and negotiations, in person or via telecommunications; includes talks, exchanges of gifts and other formal communications. This event form is a residual, not coded unless its sub-distinctions cannot be made. |
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Meet with at neutral site, or send note
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| Engage in negotiation |
| Negotiate with other parties on particular issues. |
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IDEA distinguishes among discussions by telephone (0311) meet at a third location (0312), engage in negotiation (0313) and engage in mediation (0314); all aggregate up to WEIS 031. |
| Host a meeting |
| Hosting a visitor at one's residence, office or home country. |
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Receive visit; host
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| Mediate talks |
| Mediate between two or more parties; the source of this event form is the mediator. |
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Meet with at neutral site, or send note
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IDEA distinguishes among discussions by telephone (0311) meet at a third location (0312), engage in negotiation (0313) and engage in mediation (0314); all aggregate up to WEIS 031. |
| Travel to meet |
| The act of traveling to visit another location for a meeting or other event. Also includes the return travel. |
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Visit; go to
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| Demand |
| Demand |
| All demands and issuances of orders. |
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Demand cue category
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| Demand aid |
| Require or demand assistance or (material) support. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand ceasefire |
| Require or demand halting of military engagement. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand information |
| Require or demand information or investigation. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand mediation |
| Require or demand that a third party to mediate a conflict. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand meeting |
| Require or demand that a party meet to discuss or negotiate. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand policy support |
| Require or demand policy (non-tangible) support. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand protection, peacekeeping |
| Require or demand protection in form of military, police, or
peacekeeping monitors/observers. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand rights |
| Require or demand civil, political, cultural, socio-economic
or human rights in general for persons or groups. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Demand withdrawal |
| Require or demand withdrawal from an area. |
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IDEA distinguishes among demands for investigation (151), policy support (152), aid (153), peacekeeping (154), mediation (155), withdrawal (156), ceasefire (157), meeting (158) and rights (159); all aggregate up to WEIS 15. |
| Investigate human rights abuses |
| Inquiring or searching into human rights abuses such as rape, torture, targeted assassinations, and violations of basic freedoms in
general. |
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Ask for information
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IDEA disinguishes between investigating crime (0911) and human rights abuse (0912); both aggregate up to WEIS 091. |
| Investigate war crimes |
| Inquire or search into military activities or war crimes such as military attacks, killings, massacres, or seizures. |
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| Demonstrate |
| Armed force activation |
| Activation of all or part of previously inactive armed forces. |
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Armed force mobilization
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IDEA distinguishes between armed force mobilization (1821) and border fortification (1822); both aggregate up to WEIS 182. |
| Armed force mobilization |
| All armed force mobilizations not otherwise. |
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| Border fortification |
| Explicit attempt to publicly demonstrate control over a border area. |
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IDEA distinguishes between armed force mobilization (1821) and border fortification (1822); both aggregate up to WEIS 182. |
| Demonstrate |
| Demonstrations not otherwise specified. |
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Demonstrate cue category
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| Protest altruism |
| Protest demonstrations that place the source (protestor) at risk for the sake of unity with the target. |
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Non-military demonstration; to walk out on
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IDEA distinguishes among protest obstruction (1811), protest procession (1812), protest defacement (1813) and protest altruism (1814); all aggregate up to WEIS code 181. |
| Protest defacement |
| Damage, sabotage and the use of graffiti to desecrate property and symbols. |
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IDEA distinguishes among protest obstruction (1811), protest procession (1812), protest defacement (1813) and protest altruism (1814); all aggregate up to WEIS code 181. |
| Protest demonstrations |
| All protest demonstrations not otherwise specified. |
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| Protest obstruction |
| Sit-ins and other non-military occupation protests. |
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IDEA distinguishes among protest obstruction (1811), protest procession (1812), protest defacement (1813), and protest altruism (1814); all aggregate up to WEIS code 181. |
| Protest procession |
| Picketing and other parading protests. |
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IDEA distinguishes among protest obstruction (1811), protest procession (1812), protest defacement (1813) and protest altruism (1814); all aggregate up to WEIS code 181. |
| Deny |
| Deny |
| All denials of accusations. |
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Deny cue category
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| Economic activity |
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| Government default on payments |
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| Private default on payments |
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| Economic status |
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| Downward trend in interest rates |
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| Earnings above expectations |
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| Earnings below expectations |
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| Upward trend in interest rates |
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| Endorse |
| Apologize |
| Express regret or remorse for an action or situation. |
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Express regret; apologize
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| Empathize |
| Express condolences, offer sympathy; includes attending funerals and other similar ceremonial events. |
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Praise, hail, applaud, condole
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IDEA assigns hailing and applauding to event form praise (041); both aggregate up to WEIS 04. |
| Endorse |
| All endorsements not otherwise specified. |
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Approve cue category
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| Forgive |
| Express forgiveness and explicitly conciliatory actions to rebuild a relationship or rectify a situation. Includes pardons and the granting of amnesty. |
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| Praise |
| Praise, hail or laud someone, something or some practice/policy. |
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Praise, hail, applaud, condole
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IDEA assigns condolences to event form empathize (043); both aggregate up to WEIS 04. |
| Ratify a decision |
| Ratify or accede to an agreement or treaty; the target of a ratify event is the decision or document being ratified as opposed to the parties to the argreement. |
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| Expel |
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Expel cue category
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| Force Use |
| Armed actions |
| Ambiguous initiation of the use of armed forces to fire upon another armed force, population or territory. |
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Military engagement
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Armed battle |
| Initiation of armed hostilities or engagement between two or more armed forces, includes truce violations (use as default for war and battles). |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Artillery attack |
| Use of short to intermediate range tank-mounted, ship-based or field guns and cannons, mortars and rocket-propelled grenades. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Assassination |
| Murder that is explicitly characterized as political killing and assassination. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Beatings |
| Beatings (physical assaults without the use of weapons). |
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Non-military injury-destruction
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Bodily punishment |
| The infliction of bodily injury, death or pain for the explicit purpose of punishment. Contrast this physical sanction with force used to extract information (torture, code 2225). |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Chem-bio attack |
| Use of chemical or biological weapons. |
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Military engagement
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Coups and mutinies |
| Coups, mutiny and other rebellion by armed forces. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Crowd control |
| Mobilization or use of compliance force by police, military and others for crowd control. |
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| Force Use |
| All uses of physical force not otherwise specified. Includes material property destruction, acts of physical sabatage, and other acts of material damage not otherwise specified. |
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Force cue category
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IDEA makes numerous distinctions among different forms physical force use that do not align well with the WEIS force event forms, in part because WEIS imposes actor bound (military actors -- codes 222 versus 223) and outcome (injury -- 221) constraints on its event form definitions. All IDEA sub forms, however, aggregate up to the WEIS cue (22). |
| Mine explosion |
| Land and underwater mine explosions. |
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Military engagement
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Missile attack |
| Launching of intermediate to long-range conventional ballistic missiles and aerial dropping of conventional explosive devices or bombs. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Nuclear attack |
| Use of radioactive or nuclear weapons, both explosive and otherwise. |
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| Physical assault |
| All uses of non-armed physical force in assaults against people not otherwise specified. |
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Non-military injury-destruction
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Riot |
| Civil or political unrest explicitly characterized as riots, as well as behavior presented as tumultuous or mob-like. This behavior includes looting, prison uprisings, crowds setting things on fire, general fighting with police (typically by protestors), lynch mob assemblies, ransacking offices, embassies, etc., football riots and stampedes. |
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Non-injury obstructive act
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Sexual assault |
| Rape and other sexual assaults. |
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Non-military injury-destruction
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Small arms attack |
| Shooting of small arms, light weapons and small explosives, including the use of all handguns, light machine guns, rifles and hand grenades. |
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Military engagement
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Suicide bombing |
| A bombing in which the bomber perishes during detonation of the explosive. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Torture |
| Maiming and all other reports explicitly characterized as torture. Contrast this force used to extract information from physical sanctions for punishment (2223). |
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Non-military injury-destruction
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Unconventional weapons attack |
| All uses of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), including chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons use, not otherwise specified. Includes all intentional, generic poisonings of individuals and groups (code to Chem-bio attack if a chemical or biological poison is identified). Also includes throwing corrosive materials (e.g., acid) at individuals. The detection by authorities of an unconventional weapon (e.g., finding anthrax spores) is coded to Security alert. |
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Military engagement
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Vehicle bombing |
| Bombing explicitly characterized as a vehicle bombing (car bombing, etc.), except for suicide bombings, which are coded separately. |
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See the note under the force cue category, code 22. |
| Grant |
| De-mining |
| Removal of land mines from an area or territory. |
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| Demobilize armed forces |
| Stand down or withdrawal of any armed force (includes military, police, crowd control, insurgent forces), reduce or eliminate arms or weapons. |
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Suspend negative sanctions; truce
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Ease economic sanctions |
| Lift, relax or lessen economic sanctions or penalties. |
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Ease military blockade |
| Interrupt, suspend, terminate or lessen a military force blockade |
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Ease sanctions |
| Interrupt, suspend, terminate or lessen a sanction, reduce fine or penalty, return property and withdrawal of troops. |
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| Evacuate victims |
| The removal of victims or their remains. The reported receipt of victims or remains constitutes a remove victims event with actors reversed. |
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| Extend invitation |
| Extend an invitation to visit. The reported receipt of such invitations constitutes an extend invitation event with actors reversed. |
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Give state invitation
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| Grant |
| All grants not otherwise specified. The reported receipt of such grants constitutes a grant event with actors reversed. |
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Grants cue category
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| Grant asylum |
| Grant asylum. The source of this interaction is the "protector" and the target of the interaction is the "protectee." |
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Grant asylum
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| Improve relations |
| Begin, improve or resume an activity or relations, extend diplomatic or other formal recognition. |
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Grant privilege, diplomatic recognition
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| Observe truce |
| Observe or declare a truce or cease-fire during an armed (military) engagement. |
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Suspend negative sanctions; truce
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Provide shelter |
| Extend refuge or shelter to a victim or party in flight. This event form category contains sub-forms for more detailed coding whenever possible. |
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| Relax administrative sanction |
| Lifting, relaxation or lessening of administrative sanctions or penalties, including capital and corporal punishment. |
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Suspend negative sanctions; truce
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Relax censorship |
| Relax, ban or remove political censorship. |
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Relax curfew |
| Relax or lift curfews, martial law and other such political restrictions. |
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IDEA distinguishes among observe truce (0651), relax censorship (0652), relax administrative sanction (0653), demobilize armed forces (0654), relax curfew (0655), ease economic sanctions (0656) and ease military blockade (0657); all aggregate up to WEIS 065. |
| Release or return |
| Return, release, not otherwise specified |
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Release and/or return persons or property
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| Return, release person(s) |
| Release people from detention, arrest or abduction. |
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IDEA distinguishes between release of people (0661) and return of property (0662); both aggregate up to WEIS 066. |
| Return, release property |
| Return or release previously controlled, confiscated property. |
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IDEA distinguishes between release of people (0661) and return of property (0662); both aggregate up to WEIS 066. |
| Human death |
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| Human illness |
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| Non-infectious human illness |
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| Natural disaster |
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| Extreme climactic condition |
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| Other animal incident |
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| Other human action |
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| Executive adjustment |
| All routine executive adjustments, including hirings and terminations, in both the public and private sector. |
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| Other human condition |
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| Other incident |
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| Promise |
| Assure |
| Assure or reassure that some promised or ongoing support or positive interest will continue. |
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Assure; reassure
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| Promise |
| All promises not otherwise specified. |
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Promise cue category
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| Promise economic support |
| Promise of economic or financial assistance. |
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Promise material support
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IDEA codes to sub event forms as well: economic (0521), military (0522) and humanitarian support (0533); all aggregate up to WEIS 052. |
| Promise humanitarian support |
| Promise of emergency relief supplies or assistance. |
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IDEA codes to sub event forms as well: economic (0521), military (0522) and humanitarian support (0533); all aggregate up to WEIS 052. |
| Promise material support |
| Promise of material support, including economic or financial assistance, armaments or armed assistance or emergency relief supplies or assistance. |
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| Promise military support |
| Promise of armaments or military assistance. |
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IDEA codes to sub event forms as well: economic (0521), military (0522) and humanitarian support (0533); all aggregate up to WEIS 052. |
| Promise policy support |
| Promise of non-material support. |
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Promise own policy support
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| Promise to mediate |
| Promise to or commit to mediate
among adversaries. |
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| Propose |
| Offer peace proposal |
| Offer incentives for peace, suggest talks, propose resolution. |
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Offer proposal
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IDEA distinguishes among offers for peace (101), to negotiate (103) and mediate (104); all aggregate up to WEIS 10. |
| Offer to mediate |
| Propose, suggest or offer to mediate. |
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IDEA distinguishes among offers for peace (101), to negotiate (103) and mediate (104); all aggregate up to WEIS 10. |
| Offer to Negotiate |
| Propose or put forth plans to meet, negotiate or discuss
a situation or an issue. |
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IDEA distinguishes among offers for peace (101), to negotiate (103) and mediate (104); all aggregate up to WEIS 10. |
| Propose |
| All proposals not otherwise specified. |
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Propose cue category
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| Reject |
| Break law |
| All crime where the threat or use of force is not involved; includes "white collar" crime. |
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| Defy norms |
| Open defiance of laws and norms, civil disobedience. Also includes the establishment of alternative institutions. |
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Turn down proposal; reject protest demand, threat
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IDEA distinguishes among political flight (1131), disclose information (1132) and defy laws (1133). |
| Disclose information |
| Publicly reveal personal or sensitive information, to "out" someone. |
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| Impose censorship |
| Limit or curb any expression of ideas, including material, objects that are considered obscene, objectionable or harmful. |
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Refuse; oppose; refuse to allow
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IDEA distinguishes among impose restrictions (1121), impose censorship (1122) and veto (1123); all aggregate up to WEIS 112.. |
| Impose restrictions |
| Declare martial law or curfew, and the imposition of similar political restrictions on civil activities. |
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IDEA distinguishes among impose restrictions (1121), impose censorship (1122) and veto (1123); all aggregate up to WEIS 112.. |
| Political flight |
| Flee, hide, defect or escape from capture or seizure. |
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| Refuse to allow |
| Disagree or object, refuse to allow or acknowledge, restrict or suspend liberties. |
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Refuse; oppose; refuse to allow
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| Reject |
| All rejections not otherwise specified. |
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Reject cue category
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| Reject ceasefire |
| Reject a proposal or request to implement ceasefire, truce. |
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Turn down proposal; reject protest demand, threat
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Reject mediation |
| Refuse involvement of mediators, mediation initiatives. |
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Reject peacekeeping |
| Reject a proposal or request to send or receive peacekeeping forces. |
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Reject proposal |
| Rejections of particular proposals not otherwise specified. |
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| Reject proposal to meet |
| Refuse to meet, discuss, or negotiate. |
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Reject request for material aid |
| Refuse to extend material aid. |
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Reject settlement |
| Reject a proposal or request for a final, comprehensive settlement,
peace proposal, resolution. |
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IDEA distinguishes among rejecting offers and proposals for ceasefires (1111), peacekeeping (1112), settlements (1113), material aid (1114), meeting (115) and mediation (1116); all aggregate up to WEIS 111. |
| Veto |
| Refuse to assent to formal rejection of legislative bill, recommendation or resolution. |
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Refuse; oppose; refuse to allow
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IDEA distinguishes among impose restrictions (1121), impose censorship (1122) and veto (1123); all aggregate up to WEIS 112.. |
| Request |
| Ask for armed assistance |
| Specific request for armed assistance, including peacekeeping forces. |
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Ask for material assistance
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IDEA distinguishes among economic (0931), military (0932) and humanitarian (0933) assistance; all aggregate up to WEIS 093. |
| Ask for economic aid |
| Specific request for economic assistance. |
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IDEA distinguishes among economic (0931), military (0932) and humanitarian (0933) assistance; all aggregate up to WEIS 093. |
| Ask for humanitarian aid |
| Specific request for humanitarian assistance. |
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IDEA distinguishes among economic (0931), military (0932) and humanitarian (0933) assistance; all aggregate up to WEIS 093. |
| Ask for material aid |
| Ask for material assistance, economic aid and armaments. |
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| Call for action |
| Urge others to mobilize politically and calls for social action. |
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Request action; call for
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IDEA codes together calls for action (094) and urge or suqgest action or policy (102) as they are indistinguishable in practice. Also, IDEA codes requests for asylum to request protection (095). |
| Investigate |
| Investigate, not otherwise specified |
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Ask for information
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| Request |
| All requests not otherwise specified. |
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Request cue category
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| Request an investigation |
| Request an investigation or inquiry. |
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| Request mediation |
| Solicit, ask or call for third party/ies to mediate. |
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| Request protection |
| Ask for shelter or protection, seek asylum or request refugee status. |
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Entreat; plead; appeal to; help me
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IDEA codes requests for asylum to entreat or request protection (095) rather than call for action (094). |
| Request withdrawal or ceasefire |
| Request withdrawal or ceasefire. |
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| Solicit support |
| Request political support or solicit political influence, including electoral campaigning and lobbying. |
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Ask for policy assistance
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| Reward |
| Extend economic aid |
| Extending (must include the delivery) monetary aid and financial guarantees, grants, gifts and credit. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed. |
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Extend economic aid as gift and/or loan
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| Extend humanitarian aid |
| Extending non-military / non-economic assistance, including civil training, development assistance, education & training. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed. |
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Give other assistance
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| Extend military aid |
| Extending military and police assistance, including arms and personnel, includes both military and police peacekeeping. The reported receipt of such aid constitutes an extend aid event with actors reversed. |
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Extend military assistance
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| Rally support |
| Gatherings to express or demonstrate support, celebrations and all other public displays of confidence; includes protest vigils and commemorations. |
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| Reward |
| All rewards not otherwise specified. The reported receipt of such rewards constitutes a reward event with actors reversed. |
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Reward, not otherwise specifed
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| Sanction |
| Armed force blockade |
| Use of armed forces to seal off a territory to prevent exit or entry of goods or personnel. |
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| Break relations |
| Formal severance of ties, including declarations of independence, divorce and protest resignations. |
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Break diplomatic relations
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See also IDEA event form declare war (198), which effectively breaks diplomatice relations. |
| Declare war |
| Formal or official statement that a state of war exists. |
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| Halt discussions |
| Halting of talks or other meetings not otherwise specified. |
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Halt negotiations
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| Halt mediation |
| Halting of mediated talks or meetings. |
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IDEA distinguishes between halt negotiations (1941) and halt mediation (1942); all aggregate up to WEIS 194. |
| Halt negotiation |
| Halting of talks or other non-mediated meetings. |
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IDEA distinguishes between halt negotiations (1941) and halt mediation (1942); all aggregate up to WEIS 194. |
| Reduce or stop aid |
| Reductions or terminations of aid not otherwise specified. |
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Reduce or halt aid
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| Reduce or stop economic assistance |
| Decrease or terminate provision of economic aid. |
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IDEA distinguishes among reducing or stopping economic assistance (1931), humanitarian assistance (1932), military assistance (1933) and peacekeeping (1934); all aggregate uop to WEIS 193. |
| Reduce or stop humanitarian assistance |
| Decrease or terminate provision of humanitarian aid. |
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IDEA distinguishes among reducing or stopping economic assistance (1931), humanitarian assistance (1932), military assistance (1933) and peacekeeping (1934); all aggregate uop to WEIS 193. |
| Reduce or stop military assistance |
| Decrease or terminate provision of military aid. |
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IDEA distinguishes among reducing or stopping economic assistance (1931), humanitarian assistance (1932), military assistance (1933) and peacekeeping (1934); all aggregate uop to WEIS 193. |
| Reduce or stop peacekeeping |
| Decrease or terminate provision of peacekeeping forces. |
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IDEA distinguishes among reducing or stopping economic assistance (1931), humanitarian assistance (1932), military assistance (1933) and peacekeeping (1934); all aggregate uop to WEIS 193. |
| Reduce routine activity |
| Reduction of routine and planned activities, including cancellations, recalls and postponements typically presented as a protest against the routine. |
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Reduce routine international activity; recall officials
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Unlike WEIS, IDEA event forms are not actor bound, so WEIS's "international activity" constraint (i.e. government actors) must be filtered in a post-coding process. Note also that virtually all of sanction IDEA event forms (codes 19xx) could be aggregated into WEIS 19 if WEIS's diplomatic actor restriction were relaxed. |
| Sanction |
| All sanctions not otherwise specified. |
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Reduce relations cue category
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| Strikes and boycotts |
| Labor and professional sanctions reported as strikes, general strikes, walkouts, withholding of goods or services and lockouts. |
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| Seize |
| Abduction |
| Abducting, hijacking and capturing of people. |
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Seize position or possessions
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IDEA distinguishes among abduction (213), carjacking (2131), hostage-taking (2132), armed force occupation 216), armed force border violation (217); all aggregate up to WEIS 21). |
| Armed force border violation |
| Belligerent crossing by armed forces, without engagement, of a recognized boundary. |
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IDEA distinguishes among abduction (213), carjacking (2131), hostage-taking (2132), armed force occupation 216), armed force border violation (217); all aggregate up to WEIS 21). |
| Armed force occupation |
| Use of armed forces to take over or occupy the whole or part of a territory. |
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IDEA distinguishes among abduction (213), carjacking (2131), hostage-taking (2132), armed force occupation 216), armed force border violation (217); all aggregate up to WEIS 21). |
| Arrest and detention |
| All arrests and detentions not explicitly characterized as either political or criminal. |
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Detain or arrest person(s)
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| Covert monitoring |
| Spying and other covert intelligence gathering operations. |
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| Criminal arrests |
| Arrests and detentions explicitly characterized as criminal. |
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Detain or arrest person(s)
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IDEA distinguishes between political (2121) and criminal (2122) arrests; both aggregate up to WEIS 212). |
| Hijacking |
| All commandeerings of vehicles. |
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Seize position or possessions
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IDEA distinguishes among abduction (213), carjacking (2131), hostage-taking (2132), armed force occupation 216), armed force border violation (217); all aggregate up to WEIS 21). |
| Hostage taking and kidnapping |
| Hostage taking or kidnapping of people. |
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IDEA distinguishes among abduction (213), carjacking (2131), hostage-taking (2132), armed force occupation 216), armed force border violation (217); all aggregate up to WEIS 21). |
| Political arrests |
| Arrests and detentions, explicitly characterized as political. |
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Detain or arrest person(s)
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IDEA distinguishes between political (2121) and criminal (2122) arrests; both aggregate up to WEIS 212). |
| Seize |
| All seizures not otherwise specified. |
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Seize cue category
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| Seize possession |
| Take control of positions or possessions. |
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Seize position or possessions
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| Sports contest |
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| Threaten |
| Armed force threats |
| All threats to use armed force. |
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Threat with force specified
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| Give ultimatum |
| Threats conveyed explicitly as an ultimatum. |
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Ultimatum
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| Non-specific threats |
| Threats without specific negative sanctions, including all intimidation, harassment and stalking. |
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Threat without specific negative sanctions
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| Other physical force threats |
| All threats to use non-armed, physical force. |
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| Sanctions threat |
| Threats of non-military, non-physical force social, economic and political sanctions. |
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Threat with specific non-military negative sanctions
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| Threaten |
| All threats, coercive warnings not otherwise specified. |
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Threaten cue category
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| Threaten biological or chemical attack |
| Explicit threat to use biological or chemical weapon against armed forces, a population or territory. |
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Threat with force specified
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Threaten forceful attack |
| Explicit threat to use armed forces in an attack or invasion. |
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Threaten forceful blockade |
| Explicit threat to use armed ships, airplanes or forces to prevent entry or exit. |
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Threaten forceful occupation |
| Explicit threat to use armed forces to occupy the whole or part of a territory. |
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Threaten nuclear attack |
| Explicit threat to use a nuclear or radioactive weapon against armed forces, a population or territory. |
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Threaten to boycott or embargo |
| Threaten to boycott or impose embargoes, restrict normal
interactions presented explicitly as a protest or retaliatory measure. |
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Threat with specific non-military negative sanctions
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IDEA distinguishes among threats to halt negotiations (1721), halt mediation (1722), reduce or stop aid (1723), boycott or embargo (1724), and reduce or braek relations (1725); all aggregate up to WEIS 172. |
| Threaten to halt mediation |
| Threaten to halt mediation activities. |
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IDEA distinguishes among threats to halt negotiations (1721), halt mediation (1722), reduce or stop aid (1723), boycott or embargo (1724), and reduce or braek relations (1725); all aggregate up to WEIS 172. |
| Threaten to halt negotiations |
| Threaten to halt unmediated discussions, negotiations, or meetings. |
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IDEA distinguishes among threats to halt negotiations (1721), halt mediation (1722), reduce or stop aid (1723), boycott or embargo (1724), and reduce or braek relations (1725); all aggregate up to WEIS 172. |
| Threaten to reduce or break relations |
| Threaten to reduce or formally sever ties. |
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IDEA distinguishes among threats to halt negotiations (1721), halt mediation (1722), reduce or stop aid (1723), boycott or embargo (1724), and reduce or braek relations (1725); all aggregate up to WEIS 172. |
| Threaten to reduce or stop aid |
| Threaten to reduce or stop the giving of aid. |
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IDEA distinguishes among threats to halt negotiations (1721), halt mediation (1722), reduce or stop aid (1723), boycott or embargo (1724), and reduce or braek relations (1725); all aggregate up to WEIS 172. |
| Threaten war |
| Explicit threat to declare a state of (military) war. |
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Threat with force specified
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IDEA distinguishes among forceful attack (1731), forceful blockade (1732), forceful occupation (1733), threaten war (1734), threaten nuclear attack (1735) and threaten bio-chem attack (1736) and non-armed physical force threats (175); all aggregate up to WEIS 173. |
| Warn |
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| Armed force air display |
| Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing of airborne armed force capabilities not involving combat operations. |
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| Armed force alert |
| Reported increase in the readiness of any armed force. |
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| Armed force display |
| All armed force displays not otherwise specified. |
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| Armed force naval display |
| Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing of naval armed forces not involving combat operations. |
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| Armed force troops display |
| Public demonstrations, maneuvers, exercises or testing land based armed forces not involving combat operations. |
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| Nuclear alert or test |
| Reported increase in readiness of a nuclear force and nuclear testing. |
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| Security alert |
| The release of information relevant to citizen safety, generally initiated at the national level. This includes the issuing of Amber alerts, raising of the Terror Threat Level, precautionary evacuations of embassies, buildings, personnel, and the like.This also relates to the discovery any ams or dangerous situations (e.g., discovery of unexploded ordnance). |
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Ask for information
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IDEA disinguishes between investigating crime (0911) and human rights abuse (0912); both aggregate up to WEIS 091. |
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Warn cue category
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| Yield |
| Yield |
| All yielding not otherwise specified. |
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Yield
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| Yield position |
| Yield control of a location, retreat, give up possession of material. |
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Yield position, retreat, evacuate
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| Yield to order |
| Surrender, yield to order, submit to arrest, cede power. |
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Surrender, yield to order, submit to arrest, etc.
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